Created by Mirco Viglietti |
GENDERS, NUMBERS AND CASES
Slovene has three GENDERS (masculine, feminine and neuter)
Most masculine nouns end in a CONSONANT (common exceptions: avto, evro) Most feminine nouns end in -A Most neuter nouns end in -O or -E
Examples:
Masculine nouns: ključ, kruh, prijatelj, sok, okus, papir, etc. Feminine nouns: lekarna, krava, ladja, natakarica, košarka, etc. Neuter nouns: kolo, morje, krilo, stanovanje, korenje, jabolko, etc.
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Unlike most languages, Slovene does not have two GRAMMATICAL NUMBERS (singular and plural) but three (singular, dual and plural). The dual refers to two things, people, etc.
Examples:
Soba [ One room ] Sobi [ Two rooms ] Sobe [ More than two rooms ]
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Slovene also has six cases:
1st case (nominative) 2nd case (genitive) 3rd case (dative) 4th case (accusative) 5th case (locative) 6th case (instrumental)
This means that nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numbers are declined, i.e. they change their form from one case to another, depending on their function in a sentence.
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CASES
SINGULAR | MASCULINE | FEMININE | NEUTER |
1st (nominative) | lep vlak | lepa soba | lepo mesto |
2nd (genitive) | lepega vlaka | lepe sobe | lepega mesta |
3rd (dative) | lepemu vlaku | lepi sobi | lepemu mestu |
4th (accusative) | lep vlak lepega fanta * | lepo sobo | lepo mesto |
5th (locative) | (o) lepem vlaku | (o) lepi sobi | (o) lepem mestu |
6th (instrumental) | (z) lepim vlakom | (z) lepo sobo | (z) lepim mestom |
SINGULAR Words whose root ends in c / č / j / š / ž |
MASCULINE |
NEUTER |
1st (nominative) | lep muzej | lepo gledališče |
2nd (genitive) | lepega muzeja | lepega gledališča |
3rd (dative) | lepemu muzeju | lepemu gledališču |
4th (accusative) | lep muzej lepega učitelja * | lepo gledališče |
5th (locative) | (o) lepem muzeju | (o) lepem gledališču |
6th (instrumental) | (z) lepim muzejem | (z) lepim gledališčem |
* People and living creatures
DUAL | MASCULINE | FEMININE | NEUTER |
1st (nominative) | lepa vlaka | lepi sobi | lepi mesti |
2nd (genitive) | lepih vlakov | lepih sob | lepih mest |
3rd (dative) | lepima vlakoma | lepima sobama | lepima mestoma |
4th (accusative) | lepa vlaka | lepi sobi | lepi mesti |
5th (locative) | (o) lepih vlakih | (o) lepih sobah | (o) lepih mestih |
6th (instrumental) | (z) lepima vlakoma | (z) lepima sobama | (z) lepima mestoma |
DUAL Words whose root ends in c / č / j / š / ž |
MASCULINE |
NEUTER |
1st (nominative) | lepa muzeja | lepi gledališči |
2nd (genitive) | lepih muzejev | lepih gledališč |
3rd (dative) | lepima muzejema | lepima gledališčema |
4th (accusative) | lepa muzeja | lepi gledališči |
5th (locative) | (o) lepih muzejih | (o) lepih gledališčih |
6th (instrumental) | (z) lepima muzejema | (z) lepima gledališčema |
PLURAL | MASCULINE | FEMININE | NEUTER |
1st (nominative) | lepi vlaki | lepe sobe | lepa mesta |
2nd (genitive) | lepih vlakov | lepih sob | lepih mest |
3rd (dative) | lepim vlakom | lepim sobam | lepim mestom |
4th (accusative) | lepe vlake | lepe sobe | lepa mesta |
5th (locative) | (o) lepih vlakih | (o) lepih sobah | (o) lepih mestih |
6th (instrumental) | (z) lepimi vlaki | (z) lepimi sobami | (z) lepimi mesti |
PLURAL Words whose root ends in c / č / j / š / ž |
MASCULINE |
NEUTER |
1st (nominative) | lepi muzeji | lepa gledališča |
2nd (genitive) | lepih muzejev | lepih gledališč |
3rd (dative) | lepim muzejem | lepim gledališčem |
4th (accusative) | lepe muzeje | lepa gledališča |
5th (locative) | (o) lepih muzejih | (o) lepih gledališčih |
6th (instrumental) | (z) lepimi muzeji | (z) lepimi gledališči |