Created by Mirco Viglietti |
The PAST TENSE (PRETEKLIK)
The past tense is formed by:
the present tense of the verb to be + the -L participle
The - L participle is formed by taking the infinitive, dropping the -TI ending and adding -L, -LA, -LO, -LI or -LE:
|
| SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL |
masculine | -l | -la | -li |
feminine | -la | -li | -le |
neuter | -lo | -li | -la |
Positive form
SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL |
jaz | sem | plaval / plavala | midva | sva | plavala | mi | smo | plavali |
ti | si | plaval / plavala | medve | sva | plavali | me | smo | plavale |
on | je | plaval | vidva | sta | plavala | vi | ste | plavali |
ona | je | plavala | vedve | sta | plavali | ve | ste | plavale |
ono | je | plavalo | onadva | sta | plavala | oni | so | plavali |
|
|
| onidve | sta | plavali | one | so | plavale |
Negative form
SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL |
jaz | nisem | plaval / plavala | midva | nisva | plavala | mi | nismo | plavali |
ti | nisi | plaval / plavala | medve | nisva | plavali | me | nismo | plavale |
on | ni | plaval | vidva | nista | plavala | vi | niste | plavali |
ona | ni | plavala | vedve | nista | plavali | ve | niste | plavale |
ono | ni | plavalo | onadva | nista | plavala | oni | niso | plavali |
|
|
| onidve | nista | plavali | one | niso | plavale |
There are some irregular -L participles. The most common are:
ITI: šel, šla, šlo, šli, šle [ to go ] PRITI: prišel, prišla, prišlo, prišli, prišle [ to arrive ] ODITI: odšel, odšla, odšlo, odšli, odšle [ to leave ] NAJTI: našel, našla, našlo, našli, našle [ to find ]
JESTI: jedel, jedla, jedlo, jedli, jedle [ to eat ]
REČI: rekel, rekla, reklo, rekli, rekle [ to say ] OBLEČI: oblekel, oblekla, obleklo, oblekli, oblekle [ to wear ] TEČI: tekel, tekla, teklo, tekli, tekle [ to run ]
ODPRETI: odprl, odprla, odprlo, odprli, odprle [ to open ] ZAPRETI: zaprl, zaprla, zaprlo, zaprli, zaprle [ to close ]
|
WORD ORDER
In the positive form of the past tense, the verb to be is always placed in the 2nd position.
Example:
I bought an interesting book yesterday.
|
1st position | 2nd position | 3rd position |
Jaz | sem | kupil zanimivo knjigo včeraj |
Včeraj | sem | kupil zanimivo knjigo |
Kupil | sem | zanimivo knjigo včeraj |
Zanimivo knjigo | sem | kupil včeraj |